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Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
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Sang Do Lee
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 2001;16(2):55-64.
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 Abstract
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- No abstract available.
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The Effect of Low-dose Dopamine on Splanchnic and Renal Blood Flow in Patients with Septic Shock under the Treatment of Norepinephrine
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Jong Joon Ahn, Tae Hyung Kim, Ki Man Lee, Tae Sun Shim, Chae Man Lim, Sang Do Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Dong Soon Kim, Won Dong Kim, Younsuck Koh
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 2001;16(1):36-41.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Norepinephrine, which is frequently administered as a vasopressor to the patients with septic shock, can decrease splanchnic and renal blood flows and aggravate splanchnic and renal ischemia. The low-dose dopamine (LDD) has been frequently combined with norepinephrine to ameliorate renal and splanchnic hypoperfusion in patients with septic shock. However, the effect of the LDD on the splanchnic and renal blood flow has not been fully elucidated. This investigation was carried out to determine the effect of the LDD on the splanchnic and renal blood flow in the patients with septic shock under the treatment of norepinephrine.
METHODS
Eleven patients with septic shock were included in this study. All of them were under the norepinephrine treatment as the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was less than 70 mm Hg in spite of the adequate fluid resuscitation. With stabilization of MAP, the LDD (2 g/kg/min) was administered for two hours in each patients. Hemodynamics, gastric intramucosal pH (pHi), gastric regional PCO2 (rPCO2), rPCO2 - PaCO2, urine volume, urine sodium excretion and creatinine clearance were compared between with and without the LDD infusion. Diuretics was not used during the study period.
RESULTS
Age of patients (n=11) was 64 12 and the APACHE III score was 84 17. The mortality rate of the subjects was 64%.
Dosage of norepinephrine was 0.55 0.63 g/kg/min during the study period. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics (central venous pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, mixed venous gas), pHi, rPCO2, rPCO2 - PaCO2 depending on the concomitant infusion of the LDD. The volume of urine tended to increase (P=0.074) after concomitant LDD, but the changes in urine sodium excretion and creatinine clearance were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined infusion of the LDD with norepinephrine did not improve splanchnic and renal blood flow in the patients with septic shock.
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Comparison of the Efficacy between Ketamine and Morphine on Sedation and Analgesia in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation
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Tae Hyung Kim, Chae Man Lim, Tae Sun Shim, Sang Do Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Dong Soon Kim, Won Dong Kim, Younsuck Koh
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 2000;15(2):82-87.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
While the combination therapy of morphine and benzodiazepine has been recommended as a standard therapy for sedation and analgesia in patients with mechanical ventilation, morphine can suppress respiratory center, and also decrease blood pressure and bowel movement. Because ketamine has analgesic and sedative effects compatible to morphine without depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in addition to the preservation of bowel activity, ketamine may substitute morphine. However, it has not well known such potential advantages of ketamine in patients with mechanical ventilation.
METHODS
Thirty eight patients (male:female=30:8, age=62.6 +/- 11.7 years) with mechanical ventilation were randomized as ketamine and morphine group (n=21 vs. n=17). There was no significant differences in sex, age and APACHE III score at the initiation of mechanical ventilation (ketamine group, morphine group: 79.4 +/- 2.0, 82.0 +/- 20.6). The study duration was 24 h after drug administration and minimum dose, which maintains ventilator-patient synchrony or the status of Ramsay score 3, was used. Ramsay sedation score, hemodynamic variables, respiratory and arterial blood gas variables, and bowel sound were measured at every 4 h.
Arterial blood gas analysis was checked at 0, 4, and 24 h.
RESULTS
1) There were no significant differences in Ramsay sedation score and other hemodynamic, respiratory, and arterial blood gas variables in each group. The dose of combined midazolam was not different between two groups (ketamine vs. morphine; 52.1 +/- 11.9 vs. 46.7 +/- 15.1 mg/d; p=0.23). 2) The cases with decreased mean arterial pressure over 25% of the baseline shortly after the drug administration less frequently observed in ketamine group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (n=2, 9.5% vs. n=5, 29.4%; p=0.12). 3) Bowel movement reduction at 4 h after the drug administration was less in ketamine group (n=1, 4.8% vs. n=6, 35.3%, p=0.03).
The difference was not observed at 8 h. 4) Cost of the drug for 24 h was more expensive in ketamine group (dose & cost; 688 506 mg/d & 25,891 7,743 won vs. 40 +/- 18 mg/d, 15,814 +/- 4,853 won; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the advantages in the hemodynamics and bowel movement, ketamine may substitute morphine for the sedation of patients with mechanical ventilation, if indicated.
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